Wednesday, August 15, 2012

The Wartsila-Sulzer RTA96-C - WORLD'S LARGEST DIESEL ENGINE



Maximum power: 108,920 hp at 102 rpm
Maximum torque: 5,608,312 lb/ft at 102rpm

The Wartsila-Sulzer RTA96-C turbocharged two-stroke diesel engine is the most powerful and most efficient prime-mover in the world today. The Aioi Works of Japan 's Diesel United, Ltd built the first engines and is where some of these pictures were taken. It is available in 6 through 14 cylinder versions, all are inline engines. These engines were designed primarily for very large container ships. Ship owners like a single engine/single propeller design and the new generation of larger container ships needed a bigger engine to propel them. The cylinder bore is just under 38" and the stroke is just over 98". Each cylinder displaces 111,143 cubic inches (1820 liters) and produces 7780 horsepower. Total displacement comes out to 1,556,002 cubic inches (25,480 liters) for the fourteen cylinder version. 

Some facts on the 14 cylinder version:
   
Total engine weight: 2300 tons (The crankshaft alone weighs 300 tons.)
Length: 89 feet
Height: 44 feet
Maximum power: 108,920 hp at 102 rpm
Maximum torque: 5,608,312 lb/ft at 102rpm


Fuel consumption at maximum power is 0.278 lbs per hp per hour (Brake Specific Fuel Consumption). Fuel consumption at maximum economy is 0.260 lbs/hp/hour. At maximum economy the engine exceeds 50% thermal efficiency. That is, more than 50% of the energy in the fuel in converted to motion.
For comparison, most automotive and small aircraft engines have BSFC figures in the 0.40-0.60 lbs/hp/hr range and 25-30% thermal efficiency range.
Even at its most efficient power setting, the big 14 consumes 1,660 gallons of heavy fuel oil per hour.
A cross section of the RTA96C:


The internals of this engine are a bit different than most automotive engines.
The top of the connecting rod is not attached directly to the piston. The top of the connecting rod attaches to a "crosshead" which rides in guide channels. A long piston rod then connects the crosshead to the piston.
I assume this is done so the the sideways forces produced by the connecting rod are absorbed by the crosshead and not by the piston. Those sideways forces are what makes the cylinders in an auto engine get oval-shaped over time.
Installing the "thin-shell" bearings. Crank & rod journals are 38" in diameter and 16" wide:


The crank sitting in the block (also known as a "gondola-style" bedplate). This is a 10 cylinder version. Note the steps by each crank throw that lead down into the crankcase:

A piston & piston rod assembly. The piston is at the top. The large square plate at the bottom is where the whole assembly attaches to the crosshead:


Some pistons:

And some piston rods:


The "spikes" on the piston rods are hollow tubes that go into the holes you can see on the bottom of the pistons (left picture) and inject oil into the inside of the piston which keeps the top of the piston from overheating. Some high-performance auto engines have a similar feature where an oil squirter nozzle squirts oil onto the bottom of the piston.

The cylinder deck (10 cylinder version). Cylinder liners are die-cast ductile cast iron. Look at the size of those head studs!


The first completed 12 cylinder engine: 


Tuesday, August 14, 2012

1908 Summer Olympics/ London Olympics 1908


Host city: London, United Kingdom
Nations participating: 22
Athletes participating: 2,008 (1,971 men, 37 women)[1]
Events: 110 in 22 sports
Opening ceremony: April 27
Closing ceremony: October 31
Officially opened by: King Edward VII
Stadium: White City Stadium

The 1908 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the IV Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was held in 1908 in London, England, United Kingdom. These games were originally scheduled to be held in Rome, but were re-located due to volcanic eruption. At the time they were the fifth modern Olympic Games. However, the Athens Games of 1906 have since been downgraded by the International Olympic Committee and the 1908 Games are seen as the start of the Fourth Olympiad, in keeping with the now-accepted four-year cycle. The IOC president for these Games was Baron Pierre de Coubertin.



  The medal of the 1908 British Olympic Council.

The selection process for the 1908 Summer Olympics consisted of four bids, and saw Rome selected ahead of London, Berlin and Milan. The selection was made at the 6th IOC Session in Berlin in 1904.

Italian authorities were preparing to hold the games when Mount Vesuvius erupted on 7 April 1906, devastating the city of Naples. Funds were diverted to the reconstruction of Naples, so a new venue was required. London was selected for the first time to hold the Games which were held at White City alongside the Franco-British Exhibition, at the time the more noteworthy event. Berlin and Milan were other candidates.

The White City Stadium, built in short time for the games, held 68,000 and was considered by some[who?] a technological marvel. The stadium track was three laps to the mile, not the current standard of 400 metres, with a pool for swimming and diving and platforms for wrestling and gymnastics in the middle.

The distance from the start of the Marathon to the finish at the stadium was established at these games. The original distance of 25 miles was changed to 26 miles so the marathon could start at Windsor Castle and then changed again at the request of Princess Mary so the start would be beneath the windows of the Royal Nursery. To ensure that the race would finish in front of the King, the finish line was moved by British officials who, in response to shot putter and American flag carrier Ralph Rose's refusal to dip the American flag before the Royal Box during the opening ceremony, “felt compelled to restore the importance of the monarchy.” As a result of these changes, the marathon covered a distance of 26 miles 385 yards (42.195 m), which became the standard length starting with the 1924 Summer Olympics.

Sports

22 sports, representing 24 sporting disciplines, were contested. Swimming, diving and water polo are considered three disciplines of the same sport, aquatics. At the time, tug-of-war was part of athletics and the two different football codes (association and rugby (union)) were listed together. The International Olympic Committee now considers tug-of-war a separate sport, as well as referring to association football as simply "football" and to rugby union as "rugby".
  1.     Archery
  2.     Athletics
  3.     Boxing
  4.     Cycling
  5.     Diving
  6.     Fencing
  7.     Figure skating
  8.     Football
  9.     Gymnastics
  10.     Hockey
  11.     Jeu de paume
  12.     Lacrosse
  13.     Polo
  14.     Rackets
  15.     Rowing
  16.     Rugby union
  17.     Sailing
  18.     Shooting
  19.     Swimming
  20.     Tennis
  21.     Tug of war
  22.     Water motorsports
  23.     Water polo
  24.     Wrestling
 Archery

 Tug of war


Medal Ceremony



Athletics: Marathon

Swimming

 Athletics: Hurdles

Cycling

Shot-Put

High Jump

 Archery

Women's High Jump

Discus Throw

Hammer Throw


Referee / Game Administrator

Shooting

Gymnastics

Dorando Pietri finishes the marathon.
The most famous incident of the games came at the end of the marathon. The first to enter the stadium, Dorando Pietri of Italy, collapsed several times and ran the wrong way. Not far from the finish-line, two of the officials, Jack Andrew, the clerk of the course and Dr Michael Bulger of the Irish Amateur Athletic Association and the chief medical officer that day, went to his aid. Pietri eventually crossed the line in first place, but the runner-up, American Johnny Hayes of the Irish American Athletic Club protested, leading to Pietri's disqualification. Since he had not been responsible for his disqualification, Queen Alexandra awarded him a gilded silver cup the next day.


 Gymnastics

 
Lacrosse

Hockey


Rowing


Javelin Throw

Diving

Shooting

Saturday, August 4, 2012

Most Absurd Games.....


Buzkashi:
Buzkashi is the Afghan national sport. It is also a popular sport among the south Central Asians such as the Uzbeks, Hazaras, Tajiks, Kyrgyz, Kazakhs, Turkmens and Pashtuns. The Turkic name of the game is Kökbörü; Kök = "blue", börü = "wolf", denoting the grey wolf—the holy symbol of the Turkic people. Other Turkic names of the game are Ulak Tartish, Kuk Pari, Kök Berü, and Ulak Tyrtysh. Kökbörü is the most popular national sport of Kyrgyzstan. In the West, the game (Turkish: Cirit) is also played by Kyrgyz Turks who migrated to Ulupamir village in the Van district of Turkey from the Pamir region. Buzkashi is often compared to polo. Both games are played between people on horseback, both involve propelling an object toward a goal, and both get fairly rough. However, polo is played with a ball, and buzkashi is played with a headless goat carcass. Polo matches are played for fixed periods totaling about an hour; traditional Buzkashi may continue for days, but in its more regulated tournament version also has a limited match time.

Sepak takraw:
Sepak takraw or kick volleyball, is a sport native to the Malay-Thai Peninsula. Sepak takraw differs from the similar sport of volleyball in its use of a rattan ball and only allowing players to use their feet, knee, chest and head to touch the ball. It is a popular sport in Southeast Asia. In Malaysia, the game is called sepak raga or "takraw". It is also thuck thay (Lao: "twine" and "kick") while in Thailand it is sometimes called takraw. In Myanmar it is known as chin lone. In the Philippines, besides "takraw" it is also known as sipa, meaning "kick". Similar games include footbag net, footvolley, football tennis, bossaball, jianzi and sipa. These similar games all involve keepie uppies.

Runs cheese:
Horseback cheese - interesting sport championships are held annually on it in England, where the tradition for two hundred years. This is one of the strangest sports today. The essence of the game - is simple: the players run down the hill down to the head sliding down the cheese. Whoever he reaches the finish line first gets a prize that same head cheese. Competitions are usually held at the Cooper Hill, which is not quite normal hill. It is so steep and uneven, that if you start to run on it, no turning back. Each year participants "marathon" is a lot of injuries, and this could be a concussion, sprains, broken ribs, noses, feet, and many others injured. And yet it does not stop bored Brits to participate in this competition every year.

The Marathon "Man Against Horse":
This marathon - an unusual sporting event which is held annually in June in the town Lanurtid Uels in Wales. The game is quite simple: to overpower a running 22 miles (35 kilometers) and reach the finish line faster than anyone else. By means other people are riding. Runners have to overcome all the way near the real horses. If you have forgotten, horses are one of the fastest land animal planet. To cope with this task, you must be not only fast but also very sturdy. In 2004, the "man-lump" on the name Hav Lobby was able to reach the finish line in 2 hours and 5 minutes. It was the first person to win in these competitions. As he succeeded, remains a mystery.

Scuba diving on a bicycle:
This is an unusual sport came with two eccentrics who seem to have touched something valiyskogo ale and come up with such an unusual sport game. Diving championships on bikes traditionally held every year on July 10. The aim of the game is simple: players wear fins, masks and snorkels, sit on the special bikes and recovering at the bottom of the pond from start to finish. This pond is about 2 meters depth and at length reaches about 50 meters. He who overcomes it all the more quickly the pond, wins. Reaching the finish line is not so simple as a pond filled with algae, mud, and it inhabited by various creatures, including leeches. Moreover, it is likely that you can swallow the dirty water.

Drag and wives:
If you think that scuba diving on a bicycle in a swamp - a strange sports game, what do you think about sports dragging wives? This sporting event takes place every year in October in Finland and the United States. Believe it or not, but say that this sport came after a group of thieves began stealing other people's wives of unsuspecting husbands. Game rules are simple: competitors must run in the distillation, carrying a woman on the back (preferably his own wife). Those who manage to reach the finish line first, wins. In fact, dragged his wife in three ways: when a man throws a woman just over her shoulder, she clings to him or behind him, or he carries it in front of him in her arms. Participants should not just run, but also to overcome obstacles - a pond to swim, jump over fences, walk across the sand and so on.

Chessboxing:
Chessboxing - a new sport, but everything is new - it is well forgotten old, though perhaps not entirely forgotten. This hybrid, which is a mixture of two completely different sports - chess and boxing. That is, competitors must be able to play good chess, and at the same time great boxing. It begins with what people are playing chess for 4 minutes. During this round, participants put on headphones, so they do not hear the cries of the spectators and commentators voice. After a round of chess it is time to go into the ring and 3 minutes to defend his honor in boxing. Rounds up to follow each other until someone wins. Participants can win if you put the checkmate the opponent, or sent to a knockout. If this happens, the judge announces the winner, according to the scoring.

Bossaball:
Bossaball also very similar to volleyball. It is played on a court that is divided into a grid, and it involved two teams with many players. However, in contrast to the volleyball court, instead of a solid field of participants to move around inflatable trampoline. This coating allows players to jump very high to catch the ball or score. As sepak TACRO, this kind of volleyball is also very fun sport that requires acrobatic skills.

A blind football:
This football is usually played by blind people or those who have serious vision problems. To keep things fair, those who saw anything should wear bandages over his eyes. In this game, players use a special kind of ball that does not jump, it is much heavier weight than regular football. It also produces the sound of the ball, so players can see where he is. During the game, participants can call the names of the members of his team, or a loud scream. In this case, the parties should focus on the fine and be able to clearly distinguish between the voices of his teammates.

Keeping a ferret in the pants:
This unusual sport appeared in England. During the game, male participants have to put two ferrets living in my pants, then tie legs at the ankles and tighten the straps so that ferrets could not get out. Also, the competitors can not wear underwear. The winner is the one who can longest keep a ferret in the pants. Feelings should not be a pleasant one.